Message Meanings And Definitions Vary In Abstraction

Message Meanings And Definitions Vary In Abstraction Non-verbal Communication is just as important as verbal communication. Discuss why the knowledge of non-verbal communication is important in our daily lives. The essay should be error free, double spaced, font Times New Roman, Size 12. All references in APA Format. Executive Summary The definition and difference of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication is stated. In addition to that, the importance of non-verbal communication in our daily life is discussed also and the reasons why it is just as important as Verbal Communication. What is Communication? Communication is the form of interaction, socializing, getting and giving information for the purpose of jobs, education as well as socializing. Merriam-Webster Dictionary online has a few definitions for this word, namely An act or instance of transmitting information verbal A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior There are two forms of communication, namely Verbal Communication and Non-Verbal Communication. Verbal Communication Verbal communication is the usage of sounds and language oral and written to convey a message or to give information emotions, thoughts, feelings, opinions, ideas and it is also an important tool for teaching and learning. There are two basic types or verbal communication interpersonal communication and public speaking. Professor Robert M Krauss, of Columbia University states that signs and symbols make up the major signals of a verbal communication. The functions and purpose of verbal communication to convey a message to others, it is vital in teaching and learning and also it helps in forming bonds and relationships with others. Verbal communication has six principles as listed in the next page: Definitions and meanings of messages are in people Different individuals have different and unique perspective as well as thinking therefore they will interpret a certain message differently. Message meanings and definitions are denotative and connotative For example, the word Love. Everyone has their personal definition and opinion on what it is (connotative), however, the dictionary would have its definition on the word (denotative). Message meanings and definitions vary in abstraction The word abstract is defined as something that is unreal, for example: feelings and hobbies. When a group of people is asked about what their hobbies are, many would have similar and/or different answers. Definitions and meanings of messages can be deceiving People communicate and interact with each other for various reasons and the messages that they convey have different motives and reasons, therefore it can be deceiving to achieve some good, to make oneself (usually the speaker himself of herself) look good, to protect self from danger and harm and/or to harm and insult others Message meanings and definitions vary in assertiveness In any conversation, there are bound to be some disagreements and arguments, therefore some harsh words might be said, however, respectfulness is still maintained by both parties in a conversation. Message meanings and definitions vary in politeness There are different kinds of politeness level directness, online (netiquette) and gender. When we tend to be direct and straight in a conversation, the language, rate, tone and volume of voice plays an important role in maintaining the politeness within the conversation. Netiquette is observed in emails, instant messaging rooms as well as online discussion forums. Even when a conversation is being carried on between a man and a woman, there will also be a certain level of politeness (usually on the mans side) so that no feelings will be hurt and the friendship and/or relationship will still be maintained. Nonverbal Communication This form of communication is easily understood as the process of communication through the sending, receiving and conveying of wordless cues and signs gestures, touch, body language, posture, In other words, nonverbal communication is communication without words and it actually conveys more meanings than verbal communication. In addition to this, many nonverbal communication signs- facial expressions, body language, eye contact are universal and easily detectable by everyone, no matter what culture they are from or which country they are from. Signals blushing, dropping jaw, trembling during a nonverbal communication are sometimes sent and received simultaneously and spontaneously. During an ongoing verbal communication for example, one may drop their jaw to say express an emotion of surprise or blush when embarrassed. The Functions of Nonverbal Communication There are six main functions of nonverbal communication which are listed below: They integrate, complement, accompany and support speech and verbal communication both the speakers and listeners would engage and be involved in a complex sequence of body gestures, body language and signs which are closely synchronized with verbal communication and they play an important part in it. Form self-impression towards others self presentation is usually achieved by appearance and to a lesser extent, by voice. Expressing of emotions nonverbal communication is conveyed through facial expression, touch, eye contact, body language so all of this takes us to understanding the human heart and feelings Defining relationships this form of communication helps to define a relationship between two individuals, for example, the holding of hands between two young individuals might indicate that they are involved in an intimate relationship and the nod of heads might indicate respect for the other individual due to the fact that one is an employee while the other is the employer. To enhance interpersonal communication friendships and relationships are maintained and established through nonverbal signals such as tone of voice, proximity , touch, gaze as well as facial expressions Rituals for example, shaking hands during an introduction The Channels of Nonverbal Communication There are 10 channels of nonverbal communication which are easily identified and decoded. Channels Details Body Movements Emblems body language that directly translates into words or phrases such as: okay sign V which means peace or victory Illustrators usually culture specific and it complements verbal messages so that memory will be increased Affect Displays which shows and portrays emotions and feelings Regulators which are used to keep the conversation ongoing and interesting Adaptors self, object and alter which are mainly used to benefit self during an ongoing conversation Body Physical Appearance Usually the physic of an individual do play a vital role in communication general attractiveness, race and ethnic and also usually the tall individual is favoured more compared to a shorter individual in the working world especially Facial Messages Helps in expressing emotions and feelings facial management Facial feedback produces and heightens feelings and it also influences physiological arousal Culture and facial expression Eye Messages Eye Contact Eye Avoidance which helps in maintaining privacy during a conversation Spatial Messages Edward T. Hall starts that these messages are also known as proxemics which are categorized into social, public, intimate and personal. These can also be territorial according to the public, primary or secondary Artificial Messages These are messages conveyed through objects and man-made arrangements and can be subdivided into: Space decoration the class and status of an individual can be seen through the way they decorate a space. This also shows the individuals interest and personality. Clothing and body adornment tattoos and body piercing Colour communication which usually influences perception and behaviour Touch Messages / Tactile Communication Most primitive and old fashioned method of non-verbal communication Portrays usually most positive feelings and playfulness Its task related as well as ritual related bowing, shaking of hands Controllable Paralanguage This consists of ones rate and tone of voice and it usually conveys judgements about peoples communication effectiveness Silence Messages Can act as a weapon It helps to stop or prevent unwanted communication A form of response to anxiety, shyness and threats It portrays and conveys important meanings and also serves important functions It gives one ample time to think, formulate and organize his or her conversation Time Messages / Temporal Communication / Chromemis This consists of the conversation that displays the past, present or future. Smell Messages / Olfactory Communication People are somehow attracted to a certain smell and ordour. In addition to this, smell helps in identification of a certain food, taste as well as it enhances memory. Decoding and encoding nonverbal communication Below are the ways to decode (no. 1-6) and encode (no. 7-10) nonverbal messages: Pay attention, be attentive and do not jump to conclusions Consider alternative judgements Awareness that messages comes from different and several channels Consider the possibility of any inaccuracy Interpret judgements Consider all factors Consistency must be observed Monitor the way the conversation is being conveyed Avoid any extremes and monotony Take the current situation into consideration Types of Nonverbal Communication There are 6 main types of nonverbal communication which will be discussed below. Physical Characteristic We as human beings are highly visual characters and therefore visual data is the most immediate information which we will receive about someone we have the ability to recognize someone out from a crowd, those who are tall are mostly wanted by employers and clean and neat people have a better chance of being liked and/or employed. Clothing Between two individuals (one wearing dirty and torn clothes and the other wearing new and clean clothes), the cleaner one will somehow make us more comfortable and also we are willing to be around him or her. The way of dressing up could in fact affect evaluations as well as potential promotions that might be given especially when one is applying for a job or going for a business meeting. Territoriality This is where proximity comes to play and it also displays the relationship that the speaker and listener have between each other and the four levels are as stated in the table below: Intimate Distance Usually for embracing, touching or whispering 0 inches to 18 inches Personal Distance Interactions between good friends or family members 1.5 ft to 4 ft Social Distance Interactions among acquaintances 4ft to 12 ft Public Distance Public speaking 12 ft to 25 ft Posture Unknown to us, posture can in fact be used to send messages or to read another persons intent and this nonverbal communication type includes arm position, leg position, general sitting posture and body orientation. For example, during a meeting or a discussion with a manager or someone of higher position than we are, face to face communication is preferred, for to do otherwise would be a defiance or anger act. Another example would be, when one is caught in a situation where another individual is having their arms crossed in front of them, it means that that particular individual is showing a defensive posture. Facial Expressions Little did we know, the face is the most expressive area of communication for nonverbal communication and in fact, we spend a great amount of time looking at a persons facial expression during a discussion. One very obvious facial expression eye contact. During an ongoing conversation, the speaker and the listener would look at each other in the eye hard stare indicates aggressiveness, anger and / or defensiveness. When a listener is looking down at the floor while he or she is being accused of something, it usually indicates that he or she is guilty of the crime. We tend to look away from the speaker when there is an issue of shame and embarrassment in the picture. However, we must be aware that different cultures has different perspectives and interpretations Spanish: looking down is a sign of respect. In addition to this, eye contact (especially if its prolonged) indicates disagreement and challenging the speakers authority. Gestures Gestures made by other parts of our body, for example hands can actually be as expressive as the expressions made by our face. An angry feeling can be enhanced and indicated with a fist or even a stab of the middle finger into someones chest. When one throws his or her hands and arms into the air, this indicates exasperation, hands placed on hips means confidence and the wringing of hands shows nervousness. The Importance of Nonverbal Communication Based on the statement made by most social psychologists, nonverbal communication actually makes up 66% (two-thirds) of all communication between two or more people. A message can too be conveyed verbally and with the proper body language and body signals which is inclusive of both fixed and unfixed physical features, the gestures and signals which are sent unconsciously or consciously and also the proximity of the conversation. A first impression can be enhanced and strengthen through nonverbal communication, especially in situations or attracting a partner or in an interview. This is where the saying you have less than 10 seconds and realistically close to 4 seconds to make a good impression on those with whom you come in contact comes to play. First encounters and meetings will usually affect an individuals lifestyle for people are more likely to believe that the first things they learn and know are the truth. Usually, all our 5 senses are used in a nonverbal communication Sight (83%), Taste (1%), Hearing (11%), Smell (3%) and Touch (2%). Nonverbal communication is one of communications key aspects and it is extremely and specifically important and vital in a high-context culture. This form of communication is used to repeat a verbal message (for example pointing at a certain direction while stating the certain direction) and also it is able to replace and substitute verbal messages (for example nodding indicates a yes and a finger to lips indicates a keep quiet gesture. Action speaks louder than words a perfect proverb to describe or to state why nonverbal communication is as important, or at times, more important than verbal communication. A person can say anything through his or her mouth but it is useless and worthless if whatever is said is not done or acted upon. Conclusion Communication and interaction is vital for all living things. Even though verbal communication is the easiest to use and interpret, we should be aware that nonverbal communication does have its important role to play too and we should try to understand this form of communication as it is interpreted differently by people from different cultural background and also for those who have different beliefs. Referencing Remland, M.S. (2009). Nonverbal communication in everyday life. USA: Pearson Education Inc DeVito, J.A. (2011). Interpersonal messages communication and relationship skills. USA: Pearson Education Inc Importance of Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved on 20th October 2012 from http://www.cod.edu/Course/Mgt100/mgtcomm.htm#NC-Importance Proxemics. Retrieved on 20th October 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxemics Non-verbal Communication. Retrieved on 15th October 2012 from http://www2.andrews.edu/~tidwell/bsad560/NonVerbal.html Verbal Communication. Retrieved 10th October 2012 from http://www.livestrong.com/article/150573-what-is-verbal-communication/ Communication. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary online. Retrieved 9th October 2012 from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved 15th October 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonverbal_communication

Big Brother :: Creative Writing Essays

Big Brother "Wake up!" a stern voice called from above. Her weary eyes slowly began to open. It was absolutely bright, however no windows were visible. Only electric lights running endlessly in parallel lines covered the ceiling of the hall. She was sitting in the very centre; her head crouched between her knees. She was afraid to speak or question where she might be. She could hear footsteps in the distant but could not make out where they were coming from. The burning lights had gradually blinded her eyes. This must be the Ministry of Love she thought. It seemed hours ago that she was thrown violently into this premises and she was starving. She understood why she was here but did not understand how. She participated in sexual acts that were strongly condemned by the Party. The crime would be punished by death, no questions asked. When will they shoot her? She wanted her life to end now. Freedom is to say that humans have two eyes. She will never experience freedom again she pondered. O'Brien entered the hall. She could tell by his distinctive strides. He grabbed her by the hair and began speaking in an authoritative tone, "You are here for committing crimes against the Party's principles. You are thinking why I am not going shoot you. Are you not?"She gave him a look of disgust and purposefully did no answer. "There is no need to be silent," he commanded, pulling her hair even harder. She was not going to allow physical intimidation to force her to speak. "You will have to talk sooner or later. I will help you Julia. You must understand that you desperately need help. What are your feelings towards Big Brother?" he assured her. Silence. She was not going to answer him she had nothing to lose. She knew she was going to die and she wanted to die defiant. "How many eyes do human beings have?" O'Brien asked her. Silence. "You are thinking two. Of course you are. It is unquestionable. However, humans have three eyes, not two. You think this is ridiculous. Look again. Concentrate. Tell me how many eyes to humans have? Look closer," he ordered, giving her a hard kick. Silence. "Before I leave you for the time being, think about these questions: How do you feel about Big Brother and Winston Smith? Remember humans have three eyes. You did see it, did you not?

American Health Care Systems Issues Health And Social Care Essay

The Ever Increasing Cost of Care. The cost of wellness attention has been on the addition for decennaries. From 1960 through 2006, wellness attention disbursement has seen an addition of 9.9 per centum each twelvemonth, while the national Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) rose merely 7.3 per centum during the same period. Additionally, Americans are paying well more than any other developed state. In 2008 entirely, the national wellness attention measure was about $ 2.5 trillion dollars ( Johnson T. , 2010 ) . This astronomical sum was about 16 per centum of the Gross Domestic Product. In simpler footings, every adult male, adult female, and kid in the state received $ 7,680 of medical attention ; yet, 1000000s of Americans had no coverage at all ( Kimbuende, Ranji, Lundy, & A ; Salganicoff, 2010 ) . In comparing, England ‘s wellness attention budget for 2009 was $ 160 billion for every English citizen ( Lyall, 2010 ) . In fact, no other industrialised state had similar outgos as the United States. President Obama admitted every bit much in a 2009 address to the American Medical Association: â€Å" Today, we are passing over $ 2 trillion a twelvemonth on wellness attention – about 50 per centum more per individual than the following most dearly-won state † ( 2009 ) . What state was the following most dearly-won? Actually, Norway and Switzerland were the following more dearly-won states with both passing $ 4,500 per individual in 2007 ( Pearson, 2009 ) . In add-on, insurance premiums have risen well in the last decennary. Employer-provided insurance premiums rose over 130 per centum while employee rewards merely saw an approximative 30 per centum addition. Furthermore, workers have seen their part addition over 125 per centum since 1999. The people who purchase their ain insurance have a significant addition in premium monetary values every bit good. The monetary value of the mean household policy in 2009 was $ 7,102 with an extra $ 1,690 spent on out-of-pocket disbursals ( Schoen, Nicholson, & A ; Rustgi, 2009 ) . Medicare and Medicaid presently account for approximately $ 750 billion dollars or 21 per centum of the national budget with Medicare having about two-thirds at $ 468 billion ( Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2010 ) . Payroll revenue enhancements were responsible for about 90 per centum of Medicare funding merely two old ages ago. Currently, Medicare is the primary insurance coverage for 45 million people. The bulk of receivers are over 65 but there are several million younger persons enrolled because of entire disablement. About 50 per centum of Medicare enrollees have at least three ongoing medical issues ; about half are besides really hapless. Ten per centum of Medicare receivers are responsible for two-thirds of the full plan ‘s disbursement ( Potetz & A ; Cubanski, 2009 ) . Obviously, Medicare needs more gross come ining its system or less money go outing its system. A combination of both would give the most favourable overcome for the plan. About 60 million Americans are take parting in the Medicaid plan with an extra 16 million enrolling in the following five old ages due to the health care reform jurisprudence. In 2008, the state spent about $ 340 billion on Medicaid. Which is non surprising since Medicaid is the primary remunerator for nursing place and other long-run attention. In add-on, Medicaid pays for much of mental wellness costs. It besides provides public infirmaries with 33 per centum of their net gross. Millions of people are working because Medicaid provides support for many occupations in the community. Like Medicare, a little per centum of Medicaid patients are responsible for over 50 per centum of entire Medicaid disbursement. Yet, Medicaid has the lowest administrative costs of all insurance remunerators ( Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 ) . Where Is All The Money Going? Hospital attention is devouring the largest per centum of wellness attention dollars. For 2008, it accounted for about 30 per centum of all wellness attention disbursement. Unsurprisingly, the cost for the mean stay of four and one-half yearss will change from one installation to another ( U.S. Department of Health & A ; Human Services, 2008 ) . As an illustration, the cost for handling pneumonia can be every bit small as $ 1,900 or every bit much as about $ 16,000. Furthermore, the 30-day readmission rate was similar regardless of the cost of intervention. Similar attention should intend similar cost yet with the state ‘s infirmaries this is clearly non the instance ( Chen, Jha, & A ; Guterman, 2010 ) . Doctor and clinical services are besides devouring a immense per centum at 20 per centum. Many would reason malpractice or the fright thereof is driving some of these costs. However, physicians may good be the key to harnessing in physician-related disbursals ( Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009 ) . Training on the fiscal elements of wellness attention needs to be of high precedence, such preparation will do physicians more cognizant of the cost of a peculiar class of intervention. They will besides be more willing to order a generic or cheaper drug that will supply the same consequences ( Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 ) . At 10 per centum, prescription drug use is besides taking a big part of the wellness attention dollars. Prescription drug disbursement has been the fastest turning component of the wellness attention field. In merely 18 old ages, disbursement for prescription drugs jumped from approximately $ 40 billion yearly to $ 234 billion in 2008. For several old ages, drug shapers enjoyed the most net income of any industry. Conversely, generic drugs were one of the primary grounds that prescription drug disbursement slowed by 12 per centum from 1999 until 2005. Of all the FDA approved drugs, 80 per centum has a cheaper, generic equivalent. Because of this low-cost option, most physicians will discourse the out-of-pocket cost of medicines with their patients. Over 60 per centum of physicians switched to a less dearly-won drug and 58 per centum of doctors provided free samples to their patients ( Lundy, 2010 ) . Solutions to Escalating Health Care Costss Technology will be indispensable in commanding costs. Electronic medical records will non merely cut down some administrative costs but it would besides let physicians to entree pertinent information needed to handle the patient in the most efficient and effectual manner. For illustration, the medical records would clearly demo the doctor all current trials and lab work completed, thereby diminishing the likeliness of extra acerate leaf trials and lab work every bit good as X raies. They would besides alarm the physician to patients who may be merely seeking to obtain narcotics. Most significantly, they have the possible to cut down medical mistakes in prescriptions drug interactions and in transmittal of really of import information between different medical suppliers ( Johnson T. , 2010 ) . A consumer-driven program is besides really of import in cost containment. When the patient has input in their ain wellness attention determinations, they become better consumers. Therefore, it is imperative that the existent costs of wellness services are readily available to the patient. Most consumer directed programs besides involve greater cost sharing, which will be ineluctable in promoting people to go more cognizant of the high cost of medical attention in America ( Johnson, 2010 ) . The bar of chronic preventable disease will be a cardinal component in commanding costs. Obesity, although non technically a disease, is the precursor to other really preventable, chronic diseases. Type 2 diabetes and bosom disease are two of the diseases straight related to fleshiness. Possible fiscal inducements to employees may promote more people to watch their weight and to take part in some sort of physical activity if needed. Some companies have gone every bit far as to increase the employee portion of premium part if an employee has high hazard factors such as fleshiness or baccy usage. Similarly, Medicaid patients should portion in the cost of their intervention. For illustration, if a patient does non desire to do important life style alterations to continue their wellness position so they should be required to pay some clip of extra fee. As overall wellness indexs improve, the fee can be refunded to the patient. Nicotine trials for baccy users can be one index. The resting bosom rate may be another index used for physical activity since the resting bosom rate lessenings, as a individual becomes more physical active. And, yes, the parents have to be held responsible for the negative wellness indexs of minor kids. Standardized medical charge could perchance salvage one million millions of dollars in administrative costs. For case, should all insurance companies use a procedure similar to the 1 used for treating Medicare claims ; there will be a drastic decrease in administrative disbursals. Of class, this would see uniformity in entry and payment of all claims. This would besides cut down the waiting period for payment ( Evans, 2010 ) . A Dim Future If wellness attention cost are non curtailed, economical desolation will be the result. Many employers are fighting to maintain up with the ever-increasing cost of wellness attention. Employers spent $ 460 billion for medical coverage in 2006. In other words, they spent 12 per centum of entire working budget on wellness insurance. Because of the uninterrupted addition in insurance costs, companies have to increase the cost of goods sold. General Motor reportedly has to add about $ 2,000 to the monetary value of each vehicle to cover the $ 5 billion it spends on employee wellness attention each twelvemonth. Employers spend $ 2.38 per hr for medical benefits while their foreign rivals spend $ .96. In fact, Johnson claimed, â€Å" At 12 per centum, wellness attention is the most expensive benefit paid by U.S. employers † ( 2010 ) . If this tendency continues, American companies will probably free fight in the international playing field. Some employers will hold no other option other than dropping wellness attention coverage wholly. Many more Americans will probably register bankruptcy because of reeling medical measures. Presently, about half of all personal bankruptcies file are partially because of medical disbursals. Many people are proroguing intervention because of cost. When intervention is eventually obtained, the status is much more expensive to handle with longer recovery periods. Seniors will hold to salvage a considerable sum to cover costs that Medicare will non pay ( Kaiser Family Foundation, 2009 ) . More employers are switching much of insurance premium increases to the worker. This in bend is go forthing more people with less take-home wage and larger out-of-pocket disbursals. In order to salvage money, some workers will non seek medical aid when needed. Alternatively, they will take extra ill yearss trusting remainder will do things better. Merely when the consumer usage available wellness attention sagely, will at that place be a positive result. Unfortunately, many may take to waive medical intervention when it is most needful ( Johnson, Rockoff, & A ; Mathews, 2010 ) . Medicare and Medicaid are the primary insurance for 1000000s of aged and hapless Americans. Numerous persons are besides double eligible, which allows them to have coverage from Medicare and Medicaid at the same time. Dual eligible persons must hold really low income to measure up for both plans. Intelligibly, these persons have much greater wellness demands than regular Medicare receivers. Medicare is the primary coverage ; nevertheless, Medicaid helps to pay the Medicare premiums. Medicaid besides picks up the check for services that are restricted or non collectible under Medicare. Medicaid pays for the long-run attention of 70 per centum of nursing place occupants. In add-on, because of the wellness attention reform jurisprudence, 1000000s more will be added. Although, province and federal money fund the Medicaid plan, the federal authorities will pay 96 per centum of the cost for people enrolled because of the wellness attention authorization ( Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010 ) . Decision Without a uncertainty, something has to be done to decelerate the cost of wellness attention so every American can hold entree to quality, low-cost attention. Electronic medical records can be a start in the acclivitous conflict to suppress cost. The benefits of fewer medical mistakes, less paperwork, and a more dependable transmittal of pertinent information greatly outweigh privateness concerns. Standardized charge will besides cut down administrative costs and see timely processing of all claims ( Johnson T. , 2010 ) . Furthermore, the figure of people having Medicare will increase to 79 million in twenty old ages. The aging population and longer life anticipation are responsible for this immense figure. Additionally, the figure of workers paying into the fund will see a lessening ( Potetz & A ; Cubanski, 2009 ) . How can an already delicate system survive this added strain? The registration age has to be raised a few more old ages. This will let more people to work longer to pay in and prorogue the registration of more people at the same time. Medicaid on the other manus, need more people paying just premiums and co-payments. The consumer of wellness services has the duty of doing better lifestyle picks. Chronic, ongoing medical issues have a annihilating consequence on persons, their households, and the national wellness attention system.

Essay on Internet Privacy - Ethical Issues Raised by...

Ethical Issues Raised by Privacy Service Providers Abstract: This paper examines the use of Internet technologies (specifically SafeWeb.com) to counteract invasions of personal privacy and censorship. The paper begins by exploring the methods by which governments, corporations, and commercial agents invade personal privacy. It also discusses Internet censorship on the corporate and governmental levels. It then proceeds to discuss SafeWeb.com, a technology that allows Internet users to surf the Web privately and view censored content. The paper finishes by exploring some of the ethical issues raised by Internet privacy and censorship in specific relation to SafeWeb, concluding that the application of SafeWeb in†¦show more content†¦The major abusers of the Internet towards this end are consequently the federal government, corporations, retailers, and advertisers. 2 Governments and corporations routinely monitor email and web use for subversive behavior. Recently, the FBIs Carnivore tapping system has received much press. Carnivore has the ability to3: †¢ †¢ capture all the e-mail headers (including e-mail addresses) going to and from an e-mail account, but not the actual contents (or Subject: line) †¢ list all the servers (web servers, FTP servers) that the suspect accesses, but dont capture the content of this communication †¢ track everyone who accesses a specific web page or FTP file †¢ track all web pages or FTP files that a suspect accesses For example, if an Internet user is a suspected drug dealer, the FBI can track the web pages that user accesses and all the people with whom that user has email communications. Corporations too have software capable of both filtering and monitoring employees Internet use. 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