Literature Review Cognitive Load - 1018 Words

Ian Harriman PSYC4825 - Watling 14 March 2016 Literature Review Cognitive load is the degree of effort that an action requires for completion, associated with working memory and characterised by elements such as reaction time and accuracy, especially within the context of conflicting stimulus (Lavie, 2010). A facet of the load theory of attention, closely intertwined with concepts such as perceptual load, or how the degree of effort it takes to maintain focus on a specific stimulus, cognitive load can be seen to focus more heavily on the problem solving elements of working memory and attention (Lavie, 2005). These problem solving elements of load theory are examined through the lens of instruction, which requires the use of the limited spatial, visual and executive functions of working memory (Paas, Tuovinen, Tabbers, Van Gernen, 2003). These limitations are, in turn, factored into a greater structured model of the cognitive load experienced during an activity. Three separate types of cognitive load can be identified: intrinsic load identifies the latent cognitive load that processing any task brings, extraneous load is additional load beyond the intrinsic which manifests from poorly designed or poorly implemented instruction, and germane load can be recognised as load relating to processes that construct and automate schema (Paas et al., 2003). All three types of cognitive load are additive, which allows for the establishment of a limited degree of cognitive loadShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Stress And Theory Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pageschapter presents a review of the various literatures in terms of books, journals and internet websites that were used to enrich the knowledge base during the study. This chapter summarizes the information from other researchers who have carried out research in the same field. 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Portfolio of Business Writing - 4629 Words

Business Writing Portfolio Introduction: A portfolio is a collection of evidence that represents achievements and learning within a module, course or a program of a study. This portfolio that am going to write is about Business Writing course that I’m taking in this semester. As all other students who took Business Writing, it s about understanding the audience; in this course I have learned that our goal is to adapt our message to fit the audience s needs, goals and interest. This course is also about business communication, how to have good communicating skills, writing a business letter, placing orders, direct requests and how to write letters and memos. Business writing differs from academic writing; the layout of details†¦show more content†¦In class exercises and assignments are to be done in computer. Students should bring their flash memory drive to save their assignments, exercises or class work. Requirements: 1) Final Grade Percentage: Participation, Assignments 40% Group project 25% Midterm Exam 15% Portfolio (Final Exam) 20% Final Grade: 100% 2) Attendance: Students must attend all scheduled classes. As everyone know the college policy requires the students who miss 30% of their classes will be penalized by deducting a full letter grade from their final exam, unless if those who comes late have an excuse or a sick leave 3) Assignments: When submitting any assignments, your name, your student identification number, should be clearly written on the first page and all pages should be stapled together. In the End, Communication skills are critical to success in your work place or even in your life at anytime. This course focuses almost exclusively on written business communication, business letters, emails†¦etc..etc. Hoping that we have provided you with the most comprehensive information about this course. 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Heating the World Free Essays

Introduction: The community considered Tucker very fortunate for his marriage, and so did Tucker, nevertheless he had no knowledge of modern women and the marriage had bought changes he had not predicted. This is a statement made early in the short story â€Å"Heating the world† written by Owen Marshall. This story is set in a rural Northern area of the South Island. We will write a custom essay sample on Heating the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story is a fiction piece classified under social genre, it is also written in third person, so it is narrated from an on-lookers perspective rather than a personal perspective. This lets the reader develop their own thoughts on the characters and view the ideas in which the writer may be trying to convey. An Idea that is developed throughout the short story is that marriage can bring unpredictable change to a typical rural bachelor. This idea is portrayed through Tucker’s conversations about his new wife to â€Å"Neville O’Doone his counsel in such things†. Tuckers views on life and finance, what he thinks are Justifiable purchases and why are also ways of showing the idea before and after marriage. The idea is also conveyed through Tucker’s views on the introduction of new food, fashion and modern life’s necessities. At the beginning of the short story we get an idea of where Tucker is in his life. Tucker recently married at forty two after having been one of the last bachelors in his district to marry shortly after his mother had passed away. Before marriage Tucker had done for himself and lived in â€Å"traditional rural simplicity rather than poverty†. His financial priorities were focused on things for the farm which were â€Å"natural expenses of life†. So it made his life very unsettled becoming newly married when his wife started to spend money. Tucker found her purchases unjustifiable. Quote: â€Å"to buy a new lampshade or replace the kitchen lino for reason of colour co-ordination would no more enter his head than to dine at the Victor Hugo restaurant in town when he had food in his own home. A four and half thousand dollar skeet gun on the other hand, or an irrigation mule at twenty thousand, were perfectly justifiable purchases. † This quote shows that marriage has bought up issues that Tucker wouldn’t have changed himself previously because they weren’t initially important. It also shows that Tucker was cautious with his money before marriage even though initially he didn’t have to be (Farm worth about half a million on a bad day). Another statement made in the text about Tucker was that â€Å"At the tables of his married friends he developed a taste for lasagne and apple strudel† The reader can see that his traditional life has changed and that perhaps he always expected to have home cooked meals once married. Therefore showing unpredictable change when Tuckers wife starts to buy new things for the house and is starting to introduce Tucker to the finer things in life, such as dining out. During the story we view the dialogue between Tucker and Neville during which Tucker first seeks advice from his friend. Tucker approaches the conversation by addressing Neville’s wife and asking if she likes soap. This is where Tucker starts to voice his concerns about how many â€Å"soaps† there are in the bathroom. â€Å"I counted seven along the bath last night, and all partly used. † The thought that there are so many different types of products available has Tucker in a state of confusion, it also has Neville come to the conclusion of why it may confuse Tucker who had only one bar of yellow soap in his bathroom before marriage. The reader will begin to see that this new lifestyle is becoming hard for Tucker to makes sense of after so many years of living his simple bachelor lifestyle. Tucker also states that â€Å"We’ve put in a shower as well. † This shows the development of the idea because the text shows the reaction of Tucker to new changes. This shows that Tucker could not predict such changes and was surprised and slightly unprepared for such change to happen after he was married. Again throughout the whole short story we see Tucker’s reactions to being introduced to modern life’s new necessities such as food, clothing and renovation. The first reaction was to all the types of soaps in the bathroom and a need for a shower. Explained in the previous paragraph. Tuckers introduction to new fruits was stated when he again was expressing his concern to his friend Neville. Tucker couldn’t believe that you buy fruit because all his life he had grown it in their own orchard, â€Å"now the whole crop lies beneath the trees in the orchard for the wasps and the birds†. He also exclaimed the fact that they quite often had fruit in the bowl, â€Å"but the thing is, see, that it often goes off before its eaten and has to be thrown out†. The whole concept of produce being purchased and wasted was poisonous to Tucker. Along with the fact that his wife kept buying him new clothes and that his new daughters had a pants draw each was incredible! (Considering he now has 3 daughters). Tucker was accustomed to having as stated â€Å"three pairs of underpants-one to wear, one to wash and one to change into. † This shows the simple life he previously had and the unpredicted change which now seemed to bother him once he had become married. How to cite Heating the World, Papers

Managing the Transition from Maturity to Decline Diamond Power Corpor Essay Example For Students

Managing the Transition from Maturity to Decline: Diamond Power Corpor Essay ation Managing the Transition from Maturity to Decline: Diamond Power Corpor Essayation This case study, prepared by Richard C. Scameborn, follows the Diamond Power Specialty Company from its humble beginnings in 1903 to its decline in 1991. The birth of Diamond came with the invention of the hand cranked soot blower. As the years and technology progressed, so did the Diamond soot blower. Along with this main product, Diamond also added several other products to its line, but none had the profitability of the soot blower. Diamond had the market to itself for a number of years, but eventually two competitors sprang up to challenge Diamond: Copes-Vulcan and Bayer Company. Competition did not become fierce until World War II, when the soot blower became a major commodity used by the U.S. Navy to clean boilers on board its ships. At this point, the soot blower industry became a sellers market and the need for strategy (both corporate and business) became a necessity for growth and survival. Diamond Powers main mission at its beginning, to produce soot blowers that would efficiently clean the inside of boiler as it continued working, basically stayed the same up until the addition of competition into the market. At this point, Diamond had to revise its mission to include technological advances to stay ahead of it main competitor, Copes-Vulcan. With the passage of time, production efficiency and technology were not enough. Diamond eventually had to add foreign sales, customer service, and replacement part production to its original plan to keep ahead of the game. By the 1970s, the mission to supply replacement parts and service became one of Diamonds top priorities as it opened parts and service plants in New Jersey, Georgia, Ohio, Texan, Colorado, North Dakota, California, and Washington. Diamond Powers goals over the years seem to stay pretty congruent with its mission up until the early 1980s. Basically, Diamonds goals included staying on the moderate levels of technology, building a foreign market by exporting machines and parts and establishing joint-venture manufacturing companies overseas, establishing an extensive and profitable domestic aftermarket support system that included minifactories that supplied both parts and service, and to keep the upper hand on the soot blower market share. Diamond Powers parent corporation, McDermott, Inc, utilized several different corporate strategies to try to achieve Diamonds goal of a profitable and extensive aftermarket support system. However, some of the decisions made by McDermott, Inc in regards to its replacement part division caused more harm than good. For example, when a small operator began to copy and sell Diamond replacement parts at a lower cost than Diamond with great success, McDermott overrode Diamond executives wish to acquire the operation. This decision had far-reaching repercussions as will be discussed in later paragraphs. McDermott also had to take action where Diamond was concerned when it began experienced severe financial difficulties in the late 1980s and early 1990s. McDermott had to implement a major costcutting effort and restructuring plan to keep from going bankrupt. This plan included putting pressure on Diamond to increase profits. Diamond had to take implement several business strategies in order to appease its parent corporation. Decisions made on the corporate level had a direct affect on the business strategies implemented by Diamond Power. The development of the aftermarket support system was a plan with several long term benefits. The plan, developed by the marketing vice president at the time, involved a nationwide network of minifactories that offered service and replacement parts that could be delivered in a matter of hours to industries in need. Diamonds high market share on soot blowers allowed the company to lower its new equipment prices and recoup any losses through its replacement part division. .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da , .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da .postImageUrl , .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da , .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da:hover , .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da:visited , .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da:active { border:0!important; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da:active , .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u789719b93c7040f36160fdc9d96974da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide (sociological) Essay This resulted in increased sales in both new equipment and parts. Diamonds competition, Cope- Vulcan, did not have any service centers and only limited replacement part manufacturing, and therefore did not reap profits as high as Diamond Powers. However, not all of Diamonds business strategies worked as well as the replacement part and service system. Under the pressure of McDermott, Inc, Diamond felt it had to make several rash decisions in order to increase profitability. First, Diamond did not purchase Bill Blalocks low production company that made Cope and Diamond parts. This allowed a foreign company to buy it out and break into Diamonds dominant part industry. It also allowed Cope-Vulcan to increase its part production market by forcing it to implement an aggressive management team and add new products to its line. Diamond responded to this by deciding .