A pair of blue eyes Essay Example for Free

A pair of blue eyes Essay With reference to the first seven chapters, show how Hardy uses the novels setting to develop character It has been said by many critics, that the main focus of Hardys pre-19th century novel The Return of the Native, is none of the characters, but the almost animate heath land upon which it is set. Hardys methods of describing the heath, allows us to view it as several different things to several different characters, for example, Eustacia Vye, to whom the heath is a prison, or Clym Yeobright, husband of Eustacia, who views Egdon Heath as an area housing the commonest man, a group of people who have been transformed into simplicity by the heath, who he can educate. One possible reason of this is because the heath is written to seem almost ancient, thus has had time to adapt to the way nature shapes the landscape at its will, at present, a place perfectly accordant with mans nature . With features such as barrows, Hardy has created a religious, almost pagan feel to the heath land, with on which the main characters congregate in the first few scenes, to hold a bonfire, giving the night air upon the land an eerie feeling throughout the rest of the book. The weather upon the heath through the early chapters is somewhat harsh, the storm was its love, the wind was its friend yet still the characters persist to roam the heath at night, Eustacia especially, searching endlessly for an escape. One good example is where Eustacia awaits Wildeve upon a barrow, but she utters a sigh as she waits, pondering whether he will arrive, thrown out with the winds, it became twined in with them. It is events like these which Hardy gives us insight to, that we can see the development of the characters, for example, this is just another step of Eustacia becoming even more heavily buried within the land. Hardy also uses inanimate objects other than the heath, to create an atmosphere, such as the fire which burns between Wildeve and Eustacia as they speak, The revived embers of passion glowed clearly in Wildeve now. However, Eustacia does not light a communal bonfire for the sake of community, nor for the sake of sanity, similar to the locals who feel that communication through bonfire separates them from the heath, perhaps as many as thirty bonfires could be counted within the whole bounds of the district. She lights her fire, and attempts to communicate with something which will set her free from the realm a man, to either take her from Egdon to America, such as Wildeve promises, or back to Paris, the location from which her husband has come. Another interesting feature of Hardy using objects, rather than words or actions to describe how a character feels, is Eustacia constantly viewing the heath from her telescope, as if she is hoping for some kind of miracle, a knight in shining armour to come and whisk her from her feet. Another good example of a similar event is her checking her hourglass while waiting upon the heath. These two items, the telescope in particular being from distant places (of which she wishes she could travel to), differ significantly from peasant tools or items, from which she is eager to disassociate herself from. However Hardy is again referring to the vastness of the heath, by implementing a telescope, and the immense age of the heath, by an hourglass, however, for Eustacia, the hourglass diminishes the vastness of the heath, almost providing her with something shes wished for. The heath folk seem to exist in a more than comfortable relationship with the heath, and the heath in a comfortable relationship with civilisation, as it becomes overgrown; the humans cut the furze and faggots, and put them for good use fire. The folk seem to be driving off the darkness, upon November 5th, Guy Forks night, upon a barrow used for burials in the past, the ashes of the original pyre which blazed from that summit lay fresh and undisturbed in the barrow beneath their tread. The locals dont even appear to be celebrating this fact, more so finding comfort in the spotting of other fires lighted in the district. The people here are highly superstitious, and due to the size of the community, and involvement with other communities (very little), the heath only fuels their ideas, as is shown in the third chapter, when the heath folk are talking about Christian a man who no man would marry, for the reason of the date he was born upon having no moon,No moon : hey neighbours, thats bad for him? This early superstition in the novel serves many purposes, the main ones being reader interest, and plot evolution for it is a form of superstition, voodoo, which a heath folk uses against Eustacia as she finally tries to negate the heath, causing her death. Another pastime which suitably provides the heath inhabitants when they are not creating fire is gossip. The heath only fuels the peoples desire to talk about others business, because the community is very small, so hence everybody is aware of the news of everybody else, for instance, the news of Clyms success as a scholar travels for miles before he has even reached the age of three. Personally, I do not subscribe to the belief that the heath is a character within its own right, even though Hardy inspires such thoughts with phrases such as The storm was its lover, the wind was its friend. I believe that Hardys immense concentration upon the heath is merely a sign of two its importance to the play, and as a method which he can use to develop the rest of the characters, such as Eustacia, helping her to constantly arrive at a state of enlightenment which feels that nothing is worthwhile..

Beyond The Human Essay Example for Free

Beyond The Human Essay Nature is benevolent. It may condone one mistake of the human being. It may accommodate him in his yet another folly. But when the human beings continue with the deliberate, malicious and intentional negative activities to destroy Nature, Nature will hit back with tremendous vigor, for it has to recoup its original, natural health. Man is not the creature of Nature. Rather he is the product of the divine creative force that sustains the world. This novel by Atwood is grim and depressing and the contents therein, if it were to become true, do not augur well for the wellbeing of humanity. This book can be categorized as Science Fiction or speculative fiction, but as one goes through the contents, it reads like predictions that will come true. There is a method in the imaginative narrations which reach the borders or truth. At the end of each chapter, the reader is compelled to nod his head and say-yes, this can happen! How then to make this Planet Earth heaven-like? The answer is simple and direct. Eyes full of understanding, heart full of love and deep respect for the laws of Nature and the life that refuses conflicts—enough, these alone are enough! Two main themes dominate the book, Oryx and Crake. The novel relates to the distant future, the global warning has taken its toll, it has created many changes to the geography of Earth, that the coastal cities do not exist, and the name of New York is New New York. Umbrellas wont do to go outside in the sun; one invites certain death. The wealthier areas of the world still dominate, well-protected under places known as compounds and areas known as The Pleebands still exist. People live the normal life here, and understand Nature and its glory better. They know the real worth of Gods gifts to humanity. The plot of the book has three central characters. The narrator, Snowman, formerly known as Jimmy, is the only surviving human being on this Planet Earth. The sad beginning of the novel describes this terminally ill Snowman, sleeping in a tree. Food is in short supply; the sun is so hot that the Snowman has blisters on his body. The genetically engineered beings wolvogs and the pigoos that have managed to escape are now roaming the grounds, with no human beings to control them. At this stage, Atwood makes the reader ponder, as to what a sad pass the human race has arrived and the responsibility rests squarely on the shoulders of the captains who led the human race. The role of the scientists becomes suspect here. No doubt, they obey the orders of the politicians and do research on weapons of more and more and destruction. When questioned, their reply is that they have no responsibility for its use. Atwood provides the imperative advice to those who govern the affairs of humanity that if proper review is not made in time, even the desperate remedies will not be able to avert the forthcoming desperate situations. The important question is not who is responsible but what will happen to the Planet Earth, when such irreversible grim situations confront humanity—in this particular story, the humanity itself is extinct so who is there to tell the story and also listen to the story! To what a calamitous situation this mad craze for unending research has brought the human race, the so-called crown of creation! How the human beings are unable to know the real source of happiness? True happiness is not in reading more and more books, creating innovative materialistic objects. The products of mind related thinking can never be the permanent source of happiness. To achieve the state of bliss, an individual has to cross the barrier of mind, rather transcend it. Now the only surviving human being the Snowman, has the added responsibility of looking after a group of humanoid creatures named the Crackers. His best friend Crake invented them and created such class of people. They are supposed to be ideal human beings. If only the individual who created such human being were to know the exact nature of ideal human beings! Crakers are strange creatures, with no emotions, no desires, and no sex drive. They just procreate, as matter of reflex action. They are without any motivation. The concept of war is not known to these creatures, and this aspect seems to be the only good point about them. Being strict vegetarians, they have no desire for meat. They are simple people, but the meaning of their simplicity is not amenable to human reason. The question is, why for these Crakers were created at all? An important conclusion is the mind-less craze for research must stop. How to stop it and where to stop it, should be the concern of the leadership of the humanity. A popular protest to halt the undesirable and unhealthy growth of research that affects the human life must be on the top of the agenda. This aspect of research can be illustrated with an example. An over the counter medication for diabetes claims—the cure for diabetes is guaranteed with this medicine. But the side effects reported are, hypertension, night-blindness, hair fall, palpitation of the heart, with possible heart attack, high blood pressure, blisters etc. Further research is in progress as to how to avoid these side-effects. Is it not prudent to own the original disease, instead of extending a cordial invitation to so many side effects? So, this much about the world of research related to the medical world. So, the important question is why the world ended and why should it have ended thus. Due to the follies of the miniscule of minority of human beings, the majority had to face the ultimate disaster—total extinction! —Atwood elucidates this aspect convincingly and indicates her deep concern for the real happiness of human beings, which is an attainable reality provided right type of efforts are made. Conclusion: One must read this book; one must re-read and ponder over the contents. The points mentioned in the book are logical and the conclusions are frightening. Just remember the atomic blasts done over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. That was the time when the research on atomic weapons was still in its infancy. What if some mad political authority should initiate triggering the push-buttons of these silent demons? There wont be a Snowman to collect the ashes of humanity perhaps! Does the humanity deserve this? Perhaps not! Are we taking action and thinking strongly to avert such a situation? Perhaps not! Then who is to blame? Perhaps ourselves! The science-community, especially the bio-engineering division, is taken to task by Atwood and her deep suspicions about the craze of unending research are absolutely right. So, the scientists! —you may cross the moon and beat the stars; but probe and research you must the mysteries of a happy human heart! ************************** References Cited: Atwood, Margaret (Author) Book: Oryx and Crake. Paperback: 376 pages Publisher: Anchor (March 30, 2004) Language: English ISBN-10: 0385721676 ISBN-13: 978-0385721677

Pressure on Women for Perfect Bodies

Pressure on Women for Perfect Bodies Society, a word used to describe a group of people in a opinionated state. Judging   and basing a theory on one another and showing hate on the way someone looks and appears. This has caused both Boys and girls to feel pressured for the positive attention of others, online and in person . all people want is to feel wanted and accepted so they will do anything to be appreciated or praised because of their clothes, luxuries, and most importantly body types. However guys arent as pressured to have better bodies than girls. Girls are put to shame and called names and bullied to the extent of death because of the unrealistic picture of perfect. What is the ideal weight? the question is thrown in the air and tossed around. No one knows the right answer but girls feel insecure and self conscious about how others view them leading to eating disorders which   have been a common effect caused by the image of perfect the internet has drilled in peoples heads. Unfortunately things are only getting worse girls weighing under 150 pounds and under the age of   20 are going into hospitals, and getting help from psychiatrists because of unhealthy eating habits and drug abuse to lose weight . all because of fear of getting bigger or   uglier   to look like someone that the individual looks up to most, as a idol. Whats most surprising is that, to some fans, those photos werent alarming, but inspiring. I admire her, wrote one 19-year-old girl about Mary-Kates increasingly gaunt appearance on a teen Web sites message board devoted to eating disorders. The girl had cut out the skinniest pictures of Mary-Kate, she wrote, and pasted them in my journal, because that is what I am striving to look like.(   pressure to be perfect  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   ) Many girls see photos of models and famous skinny girls showing their bones and on the verge of anorexia as inspirational and something they strive to look like only because they are famous and looked up to by many. These thought and actions of Eating disorders are not only affecting your physical appearance but also your mental stability.Whats a person to think? Perfect images of perfect celebrities are everywhere. Its enough to make anyone feel insecure or envious( pretty unreal ) Not only are images of most liked celebrities everywhere you look on instagram or the internet but they are engraved in your mind.When you pass a mirror you dont see beauty you see the negatives and silently compare yourself to some complete stranger. In your eyes they   have a perfect body and a way about them you strive to be instead of being happy with you rself. There is no ideal weight or size and girls so young shouldnt be worrying about such a minor thing so early in life and extreme dieting . These issues are leading to depression and self doubt, confidence is fading and so is happiness in all girls anorexia is glamorized and girls are falsely labeled. In todays generation no one can honestly trust the way someone looks. So much is done to a single picture or video of stars, airbrush effects are done before a photo shoot session or filming and tons of editing for that look of perfection. Its proven that more than half of the films have some type of post production altering done.Most kids such as Leah expect catalog and magazine models to be airbrushed to perfection. But many kids dont realize that movie and television actors can be altered during postproduction. In the last few years, technology has made it possible for editors to change a stars smile, hair and body after the movie has been filmed. We call it beauty work, says Richard E. Greenberg (pressure to be perfect, celebrities have lots of help to make them look flawless)The quote provides proof that alterations ar e done so you arent seeing the real stars so its all fake they dont seriously look like that so why strive to be something non existent . the pressure of perfect bodies come from the feeling of competition to stand out, until then depression and loss of confidence   are increased. Despite models best efforts, many still dont look good enough for the industry. One hundred percent of fashion photos are retouched, said Brad Adams, a New York City photographer whose retouching service works with advertising agencies. Usually the eyes and teeth are whitened, makeup and skin problems corrected, and hair cleaned up. Models are already thin, but Ive done jobs where even skinny models are made to look skinnier.(pretty unreal)Girls dont think about the time money and editing done to everything now days. The image of perfect still sticks in their minds and makes young people depressed and not appreciate their natural bodies.If movie makers can make up humans imagine what they can do to the real people. Seeing these things hurts you and your body image , you see yourself as less of a person because of a group of peoples opinion on perfect bodies. No one knows what perfection really is different cultures seek perfect in different ways. ultimately your body image has a lot to do with your mind not your body which leads back to confidence and self doubt. Girls health concerns and desire to have a perfect body has made extreme increases in request of plastic surgery before the age of 18. The problem is your body isnt even done growing yet and it brings up concerns about your future and how it will affect you later on in life. A teen girls idea of perfection is a thin waist big butt and larger breast, plastic surgery seems to be the go to solution of the present generations. Its became a huge issue in debate of asking for plastic surgery as gifts and incentives just to be satisfied with how you feel about yourself.Most board-certified plastic surgeons say they usually wont perform implant surgery on girls under 18 unless one breast is much smaller than the other. Girls finishing high school, though, often request-and get-implants as graduation gifts. (pressure to be perfect) Thankfully plastic surgeons are realizing how insane the demand of younger generations wanting plastic surgery has become that they have put limitations and restri ctions on the usage and availability to girls under the age of 18. Alot more then just implants are taking place.Teens are having other cosmetic procedures, such as botox injections and eyelid surgery, in greater numbers too. But plastic surgery carries risks, particularly for teens. Their bodies are not done transforming and changing, says Dr. Lawrence Bass, a board-certified plastic surgeon in New York City. Its like building a house on quicksand-the foundation isnt stable.( pressure to be perfect) Both quotes provide solid examples of just how extreme the pressure to have a perfect body has impacted young girls and just how willing they are to go through surgery to fix their self esteem.   Making surgery such a easy fix and escape to a problem has caused addiction and health problems along your of growth. A perfect body is a prized possession to many teen girls that means more than life itself, having a bigger butt or bigger breast doesnt make you any better of a person , there is no need in having to stand out. Individuals from all over believe that females have more pressure than males to have the ideal body.Girls get made fun of more about what they look like each year and more are proven to be taking weight loss pills at such a young age. Unhealthy as that is its better than surgery. Many young girls starting in middle school get called names and made fun of but brush it off and dont let it get to them. However after hearing the same stuff for so long you begin to believe what you hear leading to trying out pills to speed up your metabolism.Girls seem particularly prone to body-image issues. When I was younger, it was harder because I wanted to fit in so much, admitted Natalie, 17, of Humphrey, Neb. Erika from Scottsdale added, Im in cheer, and most of my friends want to lose weight. She says she has dieted before and goes to the gym several times a week. Meanwhile, her classmate, Aliraza, 15, says he has never really worried about his looks. Im pretty sure girls have a lot more pressure when it comes to appearance. (pretty unreal) Guys dont start worrying about their bodies till later on in life when they really start looking for a significant other. while girls start worrying about their appearance when they start seeing things they dont like about themselves or when someone has something you dont. Fitting in means a lot a girls if a perfect body will achieve that than what will stop you. Some experts say boys are starting to face the pressures long placed on girls, as buff, bare men proliferate in pop culture. ( a guy thing too )   .Although girls arent the only ones feeling the pressure its more so drawn into girls to strive to be perfect and have a nice body to attract men. Most men dont get made fun of because of their bodies because they dont care as much as a girl does until later in life.Its not about the body, its just a mental issue. A issue that has been a problem for too long numbers have increased of weight loss pills taken by nearly 15% since 2000. Which may not seem like a lot , but thats one in every six females in the world are taking these pills to maintain a image of perfect. Society has ruined the mental health of women worldwide just because of a perfect body A Lot of change has happened to the mental and physical health of females of all ages since the year 2000. Females strive to have attention and be recognized for a perfect body so bad that things have went to the extreme of surgery at such a young age, taking weight loss pills and having depression issues.psychiatrist have gotten involved in teenages comparing themselves to celebrities and developing eating disorders. Girls are pressured most to have perfect bodies at such a young age it will forever be a issue until people learn to appreciate how unique each individual is made. Works Cited Alpert, Emily. A Guy Thing Too. Los Angeles Times, 14 Jun 2013, pp. A.1. SIRS Discoverer, http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com. Beau, Emilie L. Looking Perfect. Chicago Tribune (Chicago, IL), 24 Aug 2006, SIRS Discoverer, http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com. Mehta, Julie. Pretty Unreal. Current Health 2 (Vol.31, No.5), Jan 2005, pp. 15+. SIRS Discoverer, http://discoverer.prod.sirs.com. Wulff, Jennifer. Pressure to Be Perfect Vol. 62 No. 4. PEOPLE.com. Time Inc, 26 July 2004. Web. 13 Feb. 2017

Embarking on an Acid Trip: Analysis of the benefits and dangers of LSD :: social issues

Embarking on an Acid Trip: Analysis of the benefits and dangers of LSD Embarking on an Acid Trip: Analysis of the benefits and dangers of LSD HP200 Abstract A thorough analysis of the hallucinogenic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and its effect on humans are given. The various uses of the drug are also examined throughout several decades, beginning with its first synthesis in 1938 as well as first use by humans five years later to its current usage today by young adolescents. Various myths have also surrounded the capacity of the drug. For example early users believed that it could alter your personality and way of thinking or pave the way toward spiritual enlightenment, while in later decades, anti-drug campaigns led people to believe that the drug could cause insanity or genetic damage. The realities associated with the drug are that it can be used for psychoanalysis and other studies of the mind. Yet there is always the possibility the user may undergo panic attacks and hysteria from the inability to cope with the intense cortical overload. In the end it seems that our understanding of the properties of LSD are still very limited and it would be hard to proclaim judgment over whether or not the drug would be more harmful or beneficial in our current applications of it in scientific research. Embarking on an Acid Trip: Analysis of the benefits and dangers of LSD Drug use has been an undeniable factor in human life. From Aspirin and Caffeine to Cannabis Sativa and Opium, its uses vary widely from medical purposes to substance abuse. History has also forced our society to cope with the reality that the problem will always exist as long as people can find ways to synthesize and obtain them. Even so, an effective way of combating this problem is to have a thorough understanding of how these drugs work, and how they affect the user. One type of drug that has created much controversy over its possible benefits and/or dangers would be the psychoactive drug Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD). The Psychoactive Drug Lysergic Acid Diethylamide The drugs that have won the greatest attention in today’s drug abuse problems fall under the category of psychoactive drugs, or drugs that can alter ones perception, way of thinking, and behavior. Of these, hallucinogens have the ability to â€Å"alter [the] consciousness in profound ways.† (Williams & Knight, 1994) They have also been labeled illusionogenic, psychedelic, and mind-expanding, depending on whether scientists or users are talking about them.

David Copperfield by Charles Dickens Essay -- English Literature

David Copperfield by Charles Dickens "David Copperfield" charts a little boy's wretched childhood and his progress to a successful novelist and his finding true love along the way. The author made a romantic effort to be realistic and thus captured the essence of all parts of human life in the pages of this book. David Copperfield is the main character of the novel, but he is not the hero of the novel. David, a fatherless child born in a little village in Victorian England is deeply attached to his mother and his nurse Peggotty. His world turns upside down when his mother marries a man by the name of Murdstone. The pain that his stepfather and his "murdering woman of a sister" inflict upon David leads to his untimely loss of innocence. David is sent to "Salem House" a school where he is forced to live under the brutal regime of Mr. Creakle. Soon he loses his beloved mother and is "provided for" by his stepfather to work as a labourer at a warehouse in London. David feels his "hopes of growing up to be a learned and distinguished man crushed" in his bosom. Disguste...

Symbol and Symbolism of Water in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay

The Powerful Symbol of Water in Beloved Water. It expresses its’ power in the form of hurricanes and flash floods. It displays its gentleness, washing dirt off a child's scabbed knee. Water has been used to quench the thirst of many longing throats; and it has been the cause of death to those who unfavorably crossed its path. It possesses the power of total destruction, yet it holds the bases of all life. Generally, water has symbolized cleanliness and renewal. In the Bible, water was used in Baptism, cleansing the soul of original sin and offering a new life in the light of God. Water in itself is a natural purifier, washing the dirt from our bodies. Water is a symbol of transition-from dirty to clean. In Beloved, Morrison uses water to introduce a transition between stages in a character's life. Water separates one stage of a character's life from another. Paul D.'s escape from Alfred, Georgia was directly helped and represented by the rain that had fallen in the past weeks. Paul D. was sent to Alfred, George because he tried to kill Brandywine, his master after the schoolteacher. In Alfred, he worked on a chain gang with forty-five other captured slaves. They worked all day long with "the best hand-forged chain in Georgia" threading them together. They slept in a cell dug out of the earth. A man's breaking point was challenged everyday. It was hell for Paul D. Then it rained. Water gave Paul D. his freedom. The rain raised the water level in the in-ground cell so they could dive, "down through the mud under the bars, blind groping," in search of the other side (p. 110). One by one each of the forty-s... ...d that Beloved was Sethe's child. Sethe broke water to represent Beloved's second birth. Sethe was now whole again. She had found the child that she had lost. The water symbolized the beginning of her life with Beloved. Sethe could now begin sharing her life with Beloved again. She could Ice-skate, take walks, or just begin to love her child again. Beloved describes the struggle and challenge of former slaves trying to deal with an unforgettable past. Their brave journey carries them through tragic times full of torment and torture, and joyful times full of love and tenderness. Beloved teaches the lesson of never giving up. Water denotes a change for the better--from dirty to clean--where a person rebounds from life's tragedies. It symbolizes hope and reassurance that life will improve.

Science and Mathematics: Al-Ghazzali, “On the Separation of Mathematic and Religion”

The selections written on mathematics and the scientific description of smallpox imparted that Islam is based on trust and faith in God and not some theory and hypothesis which can be relied upon only if it is proven through calculation, geometry, and cosmography or by logical experimentations.Because of mathematics and science, Al-Ghazzali was able to make a distinction between mathematics and religion. According to him, proving something using mathematics, when successful, will tend to eliminate religious foundations of that particular assumption.Whereas, if something is proven by religion, it does not forego or criticize mathematics. Meaning, mathematics is quantifiable and material while religious is speculative and immaterial. Believing in Islam comes from within, established because of one’s belief in God even without substantial proof.Like in smallpox, this disease is contagious with unknown cause but it has been treated and now it is considered an inactive ailment. For Al-Ghazzali, the eruption of smallpox can be compared to the problems and challenges in life. When a person is still an infant, his resistance is still weak and can be easily infected by smallpox.Meaning, he is too fragile to face life’s crises. As he grows up, he continuously learns and strengthens his faith. Along the many trials in life, he becomes strong thus when he develops into a young man, he has enough strength not to contain â€Å"smallpox.† As he matures and grows all, he becomes much wiser and with great wisdom, his values are stronger thus â€Å"smallpox† can hardly contaminate him.Focus Question #2: According to Al-Ghazzali, should mathematics and religion be separated? Why or why not?According to Al-Ghazzali, mathematics and religion should be treated separately because these two disciplines cannot be reconciled even both can explain many phenomenon in the universe. However, they do differ in their justifications since mathematics has material pr oof while that of religion is based on faith in God, thus immaterial. If an experience or fact is proven materially, it tends to condemn religion right then while religious proofs do not criticize mathematics.Central to Al-Ghazzali’s theory is that all eventualities (causes and effects) in mortal life and beyond are determined by God as expressed in religion. He despised mathematics in that those highly-educated men who professed scientific proof of things tend to forget God and the Divine Law which is evil and wicked.Moreover, Al-Ghazzali asserted that these men who bowed down to mathematics and science have lost their faith in God. As such, they praised human knowledge and capabilities without recognizing that a higher Being is there responsible for all these gifts of wisdom and intelligence.Finally, Al-Ghazzali ended with total belief in understanding through religious experience rather than approaching it intellectually as in mathematics and science. All his actions and i nferences refer to obedience and confidence in God regardless of scientific bases and calculations. For him, God should be above all earthly occurrences.Works Citedâ€Å"On the Causes of Small-Pox.† A Treatise on Small-Pox and Measles. 1848.â€Å"On the Separation of Mathematics and Religion.† The Confession of Al-Ghazzali. 1908.